64 bit builds

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You can run a 32 bit version of a Mozilla application using a 64 bit kernel (Windows 7 x64 etc.), but a 64 bit version is frequently preferred in order to increase performance. There aren't any official 64 bit builds of Firefox, Thunderbird and SeaMonkey for Windows. 64 bit builds for Mac OSX and Linux have been available at http://releases.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/ since Thunderbird 5.0 and Firefox 4.0.

Unofficial 64 bit builds of Firefox, Thunderbird and SeaMonkey for Windows are available at wiki.mozilla-x86-64.com . There are a couple of other locations such as start64 but they don't seem to update their builds as often. The Third Party/Unofficial Builds forum has optimized 3rd party builds that may include some 64 bit builds for Windows.

Many Linux distros provide 3rd party 64-bit builds of Firefox and Thunderbird in a repository.

Tracking bugs:

Windows x64
Windows 64 bit builds in Thunderbird
64 bit Windows package for Lightning

Add-ons

Most add-ons don't care what operating system you are using, or whether you are using a 32 bit or 64 bit application.

You can not use a 32 bit build of Lightning with a 64 bit build of Thunderbird or SeaMonkey. There are official 64 bit builds of Lightning available for Linux and OS X but they're for nightly builds. Nightly builds are automated untested builds . Unofficial 64bit builds of Lightning for Linux are available at here. Also look in the contrib subdirectory of the latest release in releases.mozilla.org

The Unity Launcher Integration add-on for Thunderbird used to only support 32bit kernels. Supposedly the latest version also works with 64bit kernels. [1]

The Enigmail add-on supports Linux x86-64 but doesn't support 64 bit OS X.